Unlike some categories of objects such as...

Cars		Tables		Faces

...geo-spatial objects of interest often pose several problems when we try to model their appearance. Take a look at different classes of geo-spatial objects shown below.

The following points may be observed in the case of geo-spatial objects (in comparison to the above).

• Their boundaries are not well-defined.
• Their structural properties are complex and loose.
• They are quite heterogeneous in low-level features such as color, texture, and shape.

Golf courses:

Airports:

Harbors:

S. Newsam, L. Wang, S. Bhagavathy, and B. S. Manjunath, "Using texture to analyze and manage large collections of remote sensed image and video data," Journal of Applied Optics: Information Processing, vol. 46, no. 2, Jan 2004. Abstract

S. Newsam, S. Bhagavathy, L.M.G. Fonseca, C. Kenney and B.S. Manjunath, "Object-based Representations of Spatial Images", Acta Astronautica Vol. 48, No. 5-12, pp. 567-577, 2001. Abstract

B. Sumengen, S. Bhagavathy, and B. S. Manjunath, "Graph Partitioning Active Contours for Knowledge-Based Geo-Spatial Segmentation," CVPR Workshop on Perceptual Organization in Computer Vision (POCV), Washington DC, Jun 2004. Abstract

S. Newsam, L. Wang, S. Bhagavathy, and B. S. Manjunath, "Using Texture to Annotate Remote Sensed Datasets," Proceedings of 3rd International Symposium on Image and Signal Processing and Analysis, Rome, Italy, Sep 2003, pp.72-77. Abstract

S. Newsam, S. Bhagavathy, and B. S. Manjunath, "Object Localization Using Texture Motifs and Markov Random Fields," International Conference on Image Processing, Barcelona, Spain, Sep 14-17, 2003. Abstract

S. Newsam, S. Bhagavathy, and B.S. Manjunath, "Modeling Object Classes in Aerial Images Using Hidden Markov Models," International Conference on Image Processing, Rochester, September 22-25, 2002. Abstract

S. Bhagavathy, S. Newsam, and B.S. Manjunath, "Modeling Object Classes in Aerial Images Using Texture Motifs," International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Quebec City, August 11-15, 2002. Abstract

S. Newsam, S. Bhagavathy, L.M.G. Fonseca, C. Kenney and B.S. Manjunath, "Object-based Representations of Spatial Images", 51st International Astronautical Congress, Rio de Janeiro, Oct 2000. Abstract